If so, laws might change when the universe itself changes phase. In the early universe, as temperatures and densities shifted, forces split apart from a unified origin. What we call “laws” may be like ...

Kellogg Stelle was a professor of physics at Imperial College London for decades until his death last month. In 1977, he developed a particle theory of gravity that’s renormalizable, but the theory’s ...

At the turn of the century, it sounded as if string theory could give us big answers about the universe. Well… has it?

Topology has real implications in the world. For example, topological techniques can be brought to bear on calculating the trajectories of spacecraft, and missions have been saved by the efforts of ...